Even though the “Time is a flat circle” quote originates from Rust Cohle (portrayed by way of Matthew McConaughey) in True Detective, the theory itself used to be taken from Friedrich Nietzsche.
Nietzsche articulates and describes the theory of everlasting reoccurrence particularly in two of his works: Thus Spoke Zarathustra and The Homosexual Science.
Even though he didn’t write the precise phrases “Time is a flat circle”, the word is an ok metaphor to give an explanation for it in a TV sequence – which it used to be used for in 2014, all the way through Season 1 of True Detective.